Tag: Intern Diaries

Career Stories

Career Stories: Chapter 32

Academia Plus

In this chapter of Career Stories, we bring you the story of Surya Sekhar Pal, who is an aspiring PhD student and currently working in the field of translational biomedical sciences.

In this candid chat, he talks in detail about his academic journey so far, spanning across three continents and sheds light upon how his experiences of working in India, Germany and USA have shaped his personal and professional growth. 

Could you tell us more about your current position at Georgia State University?

When I was hired at GSU, I had just come from Germany, where I was working in the field of tropical medicine. The lab at GSU has a direct collaboration with a biopharmaceutical company, which played a significant role in my hiring process. Based on this collaboration, I was hired as a skilled personnel, and the necessary visa support was provided to facilitate my employment.

I also wish to pursue my Ph.D. in collaboration with the biopharmaceutical company that has a direct partnership with GSU. This setup allows me to pursue my studies in an environment that has a unique blend of academic and industrial research, providing practical relevance to my studies. It offers me an opportunity to work on real-world problems and contribute to advancements in the field while benefiting from the resources and expertise of both the academic institution and the industry partner.

How and when did you realize that your passion was in research, despite having pursued a technological degree at the undergraduate level?

I completed my B. Tech degree in biotechnology from SRM University and subsequently undertook an internship at Biocon. It was during this time that I developed a strong desire to pursue my higher studies abroad. I observed that international universities offer specialized programs in fields like molecular biology and biochemistry, unlike in India where the focus is more on technological courses like M. Tech. As a result, I decided to apply to universities in Germany, and I was fortunate to be accepted into a biochemistry program at the Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen. The program aligned well with my subject of interest and included relevant modules. This led me to continue my studies in Germany, where the degree is typically referred to as an MS (Master of Science). Given my preference to explore studies outside India, pursuing an MS degree in Germany seemed like the logical choice for me.

What were some of the key factors or considerations that influenced your decision to specialize in molecular virology considering the fact that you pursued biotechnology at an undergraduate level and biochemistry during your postgraduate studies?

During my master’s program in biochemistry, virology was not included in the curriculum. However, my interest in virology sparked when I had the opportunity to work in tropical medicine for nearly six months. During this time, I collaborated with CureVac in Tübingen, Germany, where I was involved in virus-related research. This experience ignited my passion for working with viruses.

When I received an offer from GSU and the collaborating company, I was thrilled to embark on this new opportunity. Although I didn’t have extensive expertise in virology, the techniques I had previously learned during my master’s program and subsequent work aligned with the requirements of the lab here. Techniques such as flow cytometry, western blot, and animal handling were familiar to me, and the lab also utilized similar mammalian cell culture techniques.

Whether it’s working with bacteria or delving into virology, the foundation of basic laboratory techniques remains the same. This made the transition smooth and manageable. With a solid understanding of fundamental lab techniques, switching between different areas of research is easier.

In your LinkedIn profile, you mentioned that you worked as an intern volunteer at Biocon. Could you provide an insight into the experience and responsibilities the post entails, and why you chose to do it? Also, how is the experience different from that of an internship?

During my internship, Biocon organized various volunteering activities in which I actively participated. One such activity involved the restoration of Hebbagodi Lake in Electronic City, Bangalore, which was led by our lab. Additionally, I took part in a campaign organized by another agency. The term “intern volunteer” refers to the participation in these voluntary initiatives during the internship. These activities were an integral part of the internship experience.

I was assigned to the Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) department at Biocon. As a bachelor’s student, I had a strong desire to work at Biocon, but the company had stopped conducting campus interviews since 2017, so I applied externally. When I was offered the internship, there were no vacancies in the molecular biology or microbiology labs, but I was offered a position in EHS, which had connections to molecular biology through the life cycle analysis of raw materials used in insulin manufacturing. This provided me with exposure to the field of biology. I saw it as an opportunity to enter Biocon and accepted the internship role. For the first five months, I primarily worked in the EHS department, visiting the molecular biology lab twice a week. In the final month I had the opportunity to work with HPLC instruments and engage in biological work. Overall, the six-month internship at Biocon provided me with valuable hands-on experience in both EHS and molecular biology.

I understand that you made the decision to move abroad after completing your undergraduate studies. Can you tell us about the factors that influenced this decision?

The decision to move abroad after my undergraduate studies was influenced by several factors. First and foremost, I had a keen interest in pursuing a master’s degree in the pharmaceutical industry. 

However, when I looked at the salary prospects at some renowned companies in this field, the compensation seemed to be quite low for my expectations. Even with a Ph.D., the salary only showed an incremental increase.  This made me contemplate the idea of exploring opportunities abroad.

Moreover, I had colleagues and friends who were already working, and they shared similar sentiments. They emphasized that pursuing a career in the same field abroad would offer significantly higher compensation and better growth prospects compared to India.

Considering these insights, I decided to explore the option of studying and working abroad. The international scope and the nature of the work seemed more promising and appealing to me. I believed that by venturing abroad, I could broaden my horizons, gain exposure to cutting-edge research, and access advanced resources, ultimately contributing to a fulfilling career in the pharmaceutical industry.

So, all of these factors collectively motivated me to apply abroad and eventually led to my decision to move and settle in a foreign country. It has been an enriching experience so far, and I’m excited about the opportunities that lie ahead.

How do you leverage your extensive experience across different regions of South East Asia, Europe, and America to help researchers and biotechnology students?

Working in different countries has provided me with valuable insights into the variations in research practices, work culture, and educational systems.  In light of the research scenarios in India, Europe, Japan, and the United States, I have observed significant differences in the cultural nuances, work patterns, work-life balance, and hiring practices. When students or researchers approach me with questions about cultural differences, work environments, or education systems, I am able to provide them with detailed explanations based on my first-hand experiences. For example, I can discuss the distinct working patterns, work-life balance, and educational approaches in America compared to European countries. I also draw from my knowledge of the biotechnology landscape in India and Japan, having worked and collaborated there. This enables me to categorize and explain the nuances of education, work experience, and research in different regions, helping students and researchers make informed decisions.

How do you leverage your extensive experience across different regions of South East Asia, Europe, and America to help researchers and biotechnology students? Have these experiences influenced your professional development and shaped your perspective as a global scientist?

Working in different countries has provided me with valuable insights into the variations in research practices, work culture, and educational systems.  In light of the research scenarios in India, Europe, Japan, and the United States, I have observed significant differences in the cultural nuances, work patterns, work-life balance, and hiring practices. When students or researchers approach me with questions about cultural differences, work environments, or education systems, I am able to provide them with detailed explanations based on my first-hand experiences. For example, I can discuss the distinct working patterns, work-life balance, and educational approaches in America compared to European countries. I also draw from my knowledge of the biotechnology landscape in India and Japan, having worked and collaborated there. This enables me to categorize and explain the nuances of education, work experience, and research in different regions, helping students and researchers make informed decisions.

From the beginning of my biotechnology journey, I have maintained an open mindset, exploring various subfields such as biochemistry, zoology, plant biotechnology, microbiology, and molecular biology. I embraced all the opportunities that came my way and this allowed me to acquire a wide range of laboratory techniques and skills that have proven useful throughout my career, irrespective of the country I worked in. However, as I progressed and specialized, I realized the need to narrow down my field of expertise.  I believe it’s essential to keep oneself open during undergraduate and postgraduate studies, as it is not the time to limit one’s scope. Gradually, as one progresses academically and professionally, such as pursuing a Ph.D. or working as a research associate or scientist, specialization becomes more relevant. My experiences have reinforced the importance of staying open to new opportunities while gradually refining one’s focus based on evolving interests and skills.

Can you elaborate more upon how your open-mindedness has helped in shaping up your career after your master’s degree?

After completing my master’s degree, I had a clear idea of the field I wanted to pursue. During my master’s thesis, I worked on gut microbiome research, which I found to be a fascinating area. It became evident to me that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in various diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular issues, and neurodegeneration. I thought this could be a promising path for further research.

However, life sometimes takes unexpected turns, and my career direction shifted towards virology. The outbreak of COVID-19 and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 caught the world’s attention, including mine. At that time, I was fortunate to have a mentor who guided me during my master’s thesis and continued to support me in my current position with GSU, where we collaborate with companies like Amgen and Pfizer.

My mentor and colleagues in the industry emphasized that virology would be a booming field for the next 15 to 20 years. The work in virology research is different from gut microbiome research, as it involves handling viruses in highly controlled environments like BSL-3 and BSL-4 facilities, wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) kits, and working with reactor 3 and 4.

Despite the challenges and the initial learning curve, I found the virology field incredibly fascinating. It presented new opportunities for growth and career advancement, especially in companies with a virology focus. Having experience in virology would open doors to higher positions within the industry, which intrigued me.

Working with viruses introduced me to various techniques and methodologies that I hadn’t encountered before, such as TCID50 and plaque assays. Additionally, I had the chance to work with different animal models like ferrets, which was a unique experience for me, as I had primarily worked with mice before.

Although I had been content with my career in Europe and had no plans to move to the USA, I embraced the idea of transitioning to new challenges and opportunities. Each step in my career journey taught me something new, and I believed that gaining diverse experiences would ultimately contribute to my professional growth and expertise.

So, even though I didn’t initially plan on shifting to the USA, the allure of learning and exploring new frontiers in virology motivated me to embrace this change and pursue a rewarding career in this exciting field.

Could you share something about the types of support systems you engage in to help other students and researchers overcome the challenges they face in their career paths?

I am frequently contacted by students and research professionals via direct messages on platforms like LinkedIn, where they seek information about the possibilities available to them in Europe, specifically countries like Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands, as well as opportunities to work abroad in America. In response to their inquiries, I arrange video calls through platforms like LinkedIn or Google Meet to provide guidance and consultation. I aim to offer direction and insights to help individuals navigate their desired paths. I provide this support voluntarily and do not charge any fees for my assistance. My intention is to assist students and fellow research professionals who are interested in pursuing opportunities abroad.

You are a science communicator and occasionally talk about many interdisciplinary subjects. How do you navigate the challenge of condensing complex scientific subjects into bite-sized posts without oversimplifying or diluting the scientific content?

My aim is to connect with students and researchers, so I write about topics that I encounter in my own lab work or based on the challenges shared by others through platforms like LinkedIn. I offer insights and guidance by focusing on the issues they face. Recently, I observed a Ph.D. student mentoring a master’s student who was struggling with maintaining a proper lab notebook, resulting in missing and conflicting data. This prompted me to highlight the importance of maintaining a meticulous lab notebook, a fundamental practice taught from an early stage of scientific education. Unfortunately, many individuals tend to be casual about this task and often procrastinate, updating their lab notebooks only on weekends. In my posts, I frequently address such common issues that I encounter in the lab and shed light on the problems faced by students.

Imposter syndrome is another prevalent challenge amongst Ph.D. students and master’s thesis researchers, and I can relate to this experience as I faced similar doubts when I first moved abroad. Witnessing others’ high proficiency and enthusiasm in their work made me question my own skills. However, I was fortunate to have kind professors and mentors who never belittled me or made me feel inferior due to my different educational background. Instead, they provided me with an open and supportive learning environment, guiding me personally and helping me overcome these doubts. I believe these experiences have given me valuable insights into the struggles that students and researchers face when entering new labs or work environments.

For example, if you are someone who performs a western blot regularly in your lab and if you were to perform the same procedure in another lab you might require training for the first few days. The settings, gels, and other factors may differ, necessitating a learning process, even if you have been working with Western blots for a year. Recognizing these challenges, I incorporate such experiences into my posts, allowing students to relate to the situations they encounter in their own labs. Additionally, during a workshop I attended, I learned the importance of communicating scientific research to the general public. For instance, when developing vaccines and drugs for COVID-19, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), it is crucial to educate the public on the significance of vaccination and medication. This involves presenting research in a manner accessible to non-scientific individuals, simplifying complex concepts, and using layman’s terms. By employing these practices, I aim to connect with a broader audience and facilitate an understanding of scientific topics.

What is something you wish you knew earlier in your career? Is there any advice you would like to give to your younger self?

If I had the opportunity to advise my younger self, I would emphasize the importance of carefully choosing the laboratories to work in and identifying the areas that align best with my skills and interests.

Additionally, I would suggest focusing more on developing bioinformatics skills, which has become increasingly essential in both research organizations and companies. The field is becoming more computerized, with automation and data analysis playing significant roles. While bioinformatics may not be extensively covered in undergraduate or master’s programs, acquiring these skills earlier on would have been advantageous. It would have prepared me better for the evolving landscape of biotechnology. Nonetheless, I am actively learning bioinformatics now and adapting to the demands of my current role.
Anila Sudhir Author
Career Stories

Career Stories: Chapter 29

Academia Plus

In this chapter of Career Stories, we bring you the story of Shramana Guchhait who is a graduate student at Johns Hopkins University, passionate about research in cancer immunology and has a strong interest in science outside of the lab. In this candid chat, she talks about her unique career journey so far, the milestones achieved and the chellanges she faced, as a young undergrad student, while taking steps towards her dream career. 

What sparked your interest in cancer immunology and life sciences in general?

Since the inception of my time as an undergrad, I was pretty sure that I was interested in cancer because of my family history of cancer. I had really close relatives who were suffering from cancer, and I have been through that experience in my early teens and was very moved and motivated to work in this field. So, I was exploring a lot of options, but honestly, I was not sure if I wanted to do cancer immunology right at the start of my undergrad. So, I did some internships where the projects revolved around repurposing cancer drugs, and I also worked on drug resistance. It was this work and the internships that prompted me to study cancer immunology. I came across an interesting concept in cancer immunology while I was working on my application for the Rhodes Scholarship, and I came across this professor who works on cancer vaccines, and that topic got me very excited. As I read more about it, my interest grew, and now there is no turning back! I want to work in cancer immunology or cancer vaccines as part of my post-graduation studies.

You are a recipient of the Quad Fellowship by Schmidt Futures. Could you tell us a bit about the fellowship and how you got to know about it?

I was part of the Kalpana fellowship, an initiative of Vigyan Shala International, in my first year of undergraduation. While I was a part of the cohort, the CEO and the founder, Dr.Darshana Joshi, posted about the Quad fellowship in the group, and that’s how I came across it. After an initial fear and apprehension, I applied for the scholarship and was happy to be a recipient. I have been part of the residential program in Australia since early June. Even though Quad is a scholarship program and definitely helps you with your monetary problems to pursue your post-graduation abroad in the US, it gives you a robust networking opportunity beyond your imagination. When I talk to other recipients of the scholarship or discuss ideas with them, I feel that it is a place that can spark a lot of initiatives and where people can team up together to address a lot of social issues. Even though we are a group of 100 people, from different backgrounds, we all have a similar line of interest – in converging policy and science.

What were the procedures involved with respect to the fellowship, and how did you go through it?

Like every other fellowship, there is an application process – but it is quite extensive for the Quad Fellowship. While I was applying, I realized that more than the academic journey, they were really interested in how you are as an individual, how you think and perceive the society around you, the world as a whole and whether you can think beyond yourself and understand the problems that are affecting the world. It is a robust screening process, and only a small percentage of the candidates get selected for the interview rounds. There are two interview rounds. The first one is academic, where they are more interested in your achievements, your SOP and whether you understand all the nuances of the topic that you are proposing in your post-graduation. The second interview round is unique, where they try to understand your ethics, how you are as an individual and the way you think. I honestly feel that this is a good way of assessing a candidate, and I really enjoyed my second round of interviews.

What were the challenges and the obstacles you had to overcome while you were applying for the fellowship?

There was only one challenge while I was applying to a lot of fellowships and other scholarships as well- and that was self-doubt. The imposter syndrome kicks in and tells you that you are not good enough. When you proceed with the application, you also see that they ask you for a lot of essays and other details. That’s the time when you begin to judge yourself and your capability- question whether you are cut to make the mark among a lot of applicants and be among the top 25 Indians to get selected. You may have these thoughts and doubts before the interview, after the interview and even while you are excelling in the field that you are in. What I feel after going through all these experiences is that I have grown as a person since last year when I applied, and I really think it’s important to feel that you are worthy when you apply because no one else can infuse that trust and self-confidence into you- it is you who has to build up on that.

You are also one of the co-founders of the Stemm Factor. Could you tell us what the Stemm Factor is all about and how did the idea of starting the Stemm Factor come into picture?

The idea of starting the Stemm Factor was a result of a conversation that I was having with my close friends at college. We were a bunch of undergraduates studying in online mode during the pandemic, and the only interactions we had were through Zoom calls or Google Meet. After one online class, four of us got into talking about what affected our journey in science, what were the constraints that we faced while choosing science as a career and whether we had the support of our family. Our family backgrounds were never really in science, so they could not guide us that much, and there was a constant pull between our wishes and those of our parents. Coming from very different parts of India and sharing the same classroom at Delhi University, we realised that we had similar constraints and somewhere we could resonate with each other. We really did not want our juniors to face the same problems that we have faced. We were not really sure about how much impact we could make, but we were sure that if we could inspire somebody or a couple of students to take up science in tier 2 or tier 3 cities where the exposure is not really outstanding, our goal would be achieved. Our motto was to bridge the gap of opportunities and to provide the students in tier 2 or tier 3 cities with resources to pursue their dreams, and that was how Stemm Factor was born.

Being an undergrad student and starting an initiative like the Stemm factor wouldn’t have been easy. What were the challenges involved and how did you go through it?

As an undergraduate student, you cannot know everything. I didn’t know anything about designs or how to work with digital stuff. We were a bunch of science nerds who were very invested in our studies. The biggest challenge that we came across was the realization that there is a lot of work between planning and execution. What goes in between those two words, to plan and to execute or to have an idea and to make it happen, or to think of a session and to actually conduct a session, there is a lot of work involved in between. We were learning new things every day. Throughout the process, I learnt how to manage my internship positions with the work I do in STEMM-factor. However, I understood that- one has to take time out for what they are passionate about, and that’s how you have to keep going. It’s okay to not know everything, but it’s not okay to stop your growth. You have to keep moving, and that’s the force that you have to build within yourself. One more constraint that no one talks about is that when you discuss your ideas like these with older and experienced people, it’s hard to convince them that you are really serious about the cause because they see you as some undergrads trying to add something to their CV. It takes a lot of willpower to stick to your idea and put it out in a way so that it does not look like an extracurricular activity because it is a cause that you believe in and it’s something that you are passionately working towards. We were privileged to get the support of Vigyanshaala during our first few months, where they mentored us on how to start an organization.

Is there any memorable moment you cherish with respect to the work you have done with the Stemm Factor?

There were two moments where I felt that we were on the right track. We used to conduct sessions for the students in Stemm Factor, and one of the sessions was called- Let’s Talk STEM, where we would invite people at an early stage in their professional journey. The session was more like an informal conversation, than an interview. After one of these sessions, which was a live session, I happened to read feedback from a girl- she wrote that she was not sure if she could do her PhD and whether she was confident to do it right after her undergraduate degree. Although it was a very common thing in Western countries,  she was not sure if she had it in her. But after listening to our conversation where the speaker herself was going for a PhD right after her undergraduate, she could build up that courage to apply and at least try for it. So, I was very moved to see that. The other was when one of the volunteers at STEMM_Factor came up to me and told me that she joined this initiative because she just wanted to volunteer for a non-profit, but now she felt like she was also a part of the cause. It felt like an achievement. I was a little proud and very motivated to ignite that spark in not just one but a lot of other people who will carry this spark along their journey and will radiate it to somebody else so that they can, in turn, motivate a lot of other people.

If you had to give a piece of advice to graduate students going for fellowships like Quad and starting an initiative for change, what would it be?

There is one important quality that I believe in, and I think this is the best quality you can imbibe as a student- and that is persistence. You have to keep going. This wasn’t the first idea or scholarship that I started or applied for. The STEMM-Factor itself took months to come to fruition. Within those months, while you are investing in your ideas, you will come across a lot of challenges. You will feel that this is not my piece of cake. You have to climb the ladder of failure. It is hard, but you have to face it, you have to digest it, you have to get up again, and you have to go for it. Your 30th attempt might end in failure, a crushing defeat that tests your resolve to the core. But remember this: if you halt your journey now, you’ll forever wonder whether that 31st attempt, just around the corner, could be the one to unlock the door to your dreams. Therefore, you just cannot stop. Because it’s your narrative, it’s your story, and you just cannot give up. I feel there’s one thing that you can do, and that is to compete with yourself. Every day, you have to be a better version of yourself. You have to learn from your previous mistakes and experiences and keep the trajectory going upward. But you have to keep going. You need to keep trying until you get your happy ending.
Deepthi Joji Author
Career Stories

Career Stories: Chapter 27

Academia Plus

In this chapter of Career Stories, we bring you the story of Shivani Nadkarni, who is currently pursuing a PhD at the University of Bremen in Germany. Shivani pursued her bachelors in India and moved on to pursue higher studies in Germany. In this candid chat, she talks about her journey so far, elaborates upon the challenges she faced while transitioning into an international learning atmosphere and talks about her various internship experiences and their contributions towards her personal and professional growth. 

You did your bachelors in microbiology. What inspired you to pursue a master’s in biochemistry and molecular biology?

The study of the fascinating properties and applications of microbes always intrigued me. The desire to deepen my understanding of the remarkable complexities within these tiny organisms first took seed during my high school days, thanks to an inspiring biology teacher who had studied microbiology. During my undergraduate studies, I had the opportunity to explore various affiliated subjects, wherein we explored the molecular basis of biological processes, consisting of a multitude of harmoniously working protein systems, their encoding genes, and the variety of factors modulating these genes. I seemed to have a natural penchant for the aspects of my studies dealing with DNA and its associated processes while studying biochemical pathways was a pleasant challenge that motivated me to master it. Consequently, a master’s degree in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology seemed like a logical progression facilitating me to embrace a subject I am truly passionate about while also conquering the challenges I faced in biochemistry.

Despite discussing these fields separately, I recognize their inherent interdisciplinary nature. Thus, all the knowledge accrued throughout my formal university education has aided me in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the intricate functioning of bacteria at the molecular level. However, I am and will always be a microbiologist!

An interesting footnote in my journey so far was that, when considering my options for a master’s degree, I was initially most inclined to pursue immunology. However, upon reflecting on the decision I made, I harbour no regrets. The path I have chosen has allowed me to align my passion for microbiology with the challenge of mastering biochemistry and molecular biology, ultimately strengthening my skills and knowledge as a researcher.

How was the transition from Savitribai Phule Pune University to the University of Bremen – with respect to the education system, lab skills, and culture?

The transition presented significant challenges as I shifted from an academic environment that emphasised on theoretical understanding to one that placed a greater emphasis on a research-oriented and practical approach.

At Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), the predominant modes of teaching and evaluation revolved around lectures, textbooks, and examinations. This educational system ingrained in me from an early stage a strong focus on building a theoretical foundation, fostering discipline, critical thinking, and compelling articulation of concepts. Throughout my bachelor’s program, I covered a broad range of coursework that encompassed not only microbiology but also subjects such as Zoology and Chemistry. This exposure to diverse subjects provided me with a well-rounded education and nurtured a broader perspective.

However, the practical lab work at SPPU was relatively limited in scope, allowing for exposure to only basic skills and methods. Additionally, the larger class size of around 40 students resulted in some limitations in terms of materials, equipment, and hands-on experience. Nevertheless, navigating these challenges fostered adaptability, problem-solving skills, and resourcefulness, which have proven beneficial in my academic and professional journey. While I did engage in internships during my undergraduate years, they were not integrated into the formal coursework, and I did not undertake a bachelor’s thesis, leaving me with limited research experience.

Contrasting with my previous experience, the coursework at the University of Bremen strongly emphasised a research-intensive and practical learning environment. After an initial semester of lectures, the remainder of the program offered hands-on experiences that fostered scientific communication skills and allowed me to explore research carried out by various labs, covering a wide range of research topics. A fundamental difference is that each professor led a whole working group of diverse researchers addressing a given topic. This enabled exposure to an active research environment. I had the opportunity to enrol in short elective courses offered by these labs, exploring topics that piqued my interest. Lab rotations throughout the course enabled me to acquire diverse methods and techniques while gaining valuable insight into the functioning of a laboratory. The University provided ample opportunities to engage in research activities, such as participating in ongoing projects, collaborating with faculty members, and working in relatively well-equipped laboratories. Undertaking my master’s thesis was a pivotal step toward understanding experimental design and the publication process in scientific research. Examinations during my master’s program predominantly focused on oral assessments and discussions, emphasising the articulation of scientific concepts. The University of Bremen boasts a diverse community of students and researchers from around the world, fostering ample opportunities for international exposure and cross-cultural interactions.

Both experiences had distinct merits and demerits, but in retrospect, I was provided with what I needed at that stage of my journey, and hence, I am indeed grateful for both these unique experiences. The differences I experienced could also be due to the distinction between undergraduate and postgraduate studies.

In addition to the educational transition, I encountered challenges stemming from various factors. The disparities in German culture, cuisine, lifestyle, and weather, differing significantly from my upbringing in India, necessitated a continual adjustment process that I am still undergoing. Furthermore, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during my relocation further exacerbated the difficulties I faced. However, addressing all these facets is beyond the scope of this interview.

What motivated you to pursue a Ph.D.?

After contemplating for nearly a year, I have reached a decisive answer to the question of my post-graduation aspirations: pursuing a Ph.D.! Embarking on this academic journey is akin to entering a vast ocean of knowledge, where each wave of curiosity and perseverance propels me closer to the shores of groundbreaking discoveries and personal growth.

Initially, I was inclined towards securing a research assistant position in a biotech or bio-pharma company. Starting a job after completing my master’s degree would have allowed me to gain practical experience in a professional environment, aligning with my goal of eventually working in the industry. Additionally, a job would have provided immediate financial stability, which was a significant consideration then. However, my job search presented challenges. Some positions required a Ph.D., while others demanded specialised skills that I was yet to acquire. Moreover, my limited proficiency in the German language hindered my ability to find suitable opportunities. Furthermore, committing to an industry job felt premature as it would have confined me to a specific role in my early career.

On the other hand, my passion for laboratory work and research became increasingly evident. I possessed a strong desire to engage in independent research, explore new frontiers of scientific knowledge, and contribute to advancements in my field. The intellectual freedom inherent in pursuing a Ph.D. served as a significant motivator. Engaging in enlightening discussions with Ph.D. students at different stages of their academic journeys and recent graduates further fortified my conviction. They shared invaluable insights about the advanced career prospects, expertise enhancement, and increased earning potential associated with holding a doctorate.

During my master’s thesis, I delved into the captivating realm of antisense RNA-mediated regulation in bacteria, which sparked a deep love for this subject. The astounding capabilities of RNA, beyond my previous understanding, opened doors to exciting new ideas. My curiosity was genuinely piqued, especially after attending a conference on RNA biology that further intensified my interest in antisense RNA research. Consequently, when the head of the working group where I was doing my master’s thesis offered me a Ph.D. position on the same topic, everything fell seamlessly into place. It felt like the missing piece of the puzzle in my mind had been discovered, prompting me to seize this opportunity to pursue a Ph.D. This journey will enable me to work closely with experienced researchers, receive valuable mentorship from senior members of the working group, and establish connections within academic and professional communities. The Ph.D. program provides an opportunity to gain further work experience, learn new methods and techniques, and dedicate ample time to improving my German speaking skills.

As a dedicated and persevering student, I wholeheartedly embrace the challenges of pursuing a Ph.D. Challenges are inherent in a researcher’s life and serve as catalysts for personal and intellectual growth. I eagerly embark on this transformative journey with determination and an optimistic mindset. I eagerly anticipate the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills, ultimately propelling me toward becoming an independent researcher. The motivation within me knows no bounds.

What do you think is the difference between pursuing a Ph.D. in India vs. one from abroad – US, Europe, and Australia (in terms of the lab environment, work-life balance, and future opportunities in academia and industry)?

Pursuing a Ph.D. can be a rewarding academic journey, whether in India or abroad. Both options offer unique opportunities and factors to consider, shaping your research experience and future career.

The research infrastructure and resources available at international universities abroad include cutting-edge facilities, well-equipped laboratories, and access to the latest technologies. This can significantly enhance the quality and scope of research projects, fostering innovation and collaboration. However, it’s worth noting that many Indian institutions also offer excellent research infrastructure.

Pursuing a Ph.D. abroad provides opportunities for international exposure and engagement with diverse research communities. Interacting with researchers from different cultural backgrounds facilitates cross-disciplinary collaborations, broadens perspectives, and encourages an exchange of ideas. Building a global network during this journey can be invaluable for future collaborations and career opportunities. India also has a vibrant research community with ample chances for collaboration with experts in various fields.

The structure of Ph.D. programs varies across countries. In Europe, particularly in Germany, programs can range from structured programs with a formal coursework, to individual Ph.D. focused primarily on research. The coursework in structured programs provides specialised knowledge and research skills, while fully funded individual PhDs offer flexibility to tailor the research project to one’s interests. Teaching responsibilities may vary but are not mandatory for all Ph.D. students in Germany. In the United States, students typically enrol in structured Ph.D. programs involving academic coursework, lab rotations, teaching or mentoring responsibilities, and a formal project proposal before commencing their thesis work. Ph.D. programs in Australia, similar to Europe, can be either part of structured programs or offer fully funded individual Ph.D. positions. In India, while structured programs exist, there is no obligation towards academic coursework or teaching duties, although lab rotations may still be required. These variations also impact the duration of the Ph.D. journey, with the average completion time being around 3-4 years in Europe (Germany), 4-5 years in Australia, and 3-6 years in the United States and India.

Skill development is crucial in any Ph.D. journey, regardless of the country. Technical skills are gained through hands-on experience and exposure to various research techniques, enhancing research expertise. Skills such as independent critical thinking, time management, and communication are equally valuable and can be worked on throughout the Ph.D. journey.

The lab environment plays a pivotal role in the Ph.D. journey, influencing relationships with mentors, colleagues, and labmates and shaping the overall experience. Pursuing a Ph.D. abroad offers unique opportunities to engage with diverse lab communities and establish meaningful connections. Although cultural differences may present initial challenges, actively seeking to understand and adapt to different perspectives fosters the development of deep friendships. I believe that regardless of where one pursues their PhD, it is beneficial for students to establish strong bonds within their research groups, contributing to a supportive and collaborative atmosphere. The functioning of the lab and interactions with lab colleagues significantly contribute to the Ph.D. experience. Experienced supervisors and mentors offer invaluable support throughout the research process.

Networking opportunities are essential for Ph.D. students, providing avenues for collaboration, knowledge exchange, and personal growth. Conferences, workshops, seminars, informal discussions, and career events offer platforms to expand one’s network and enhance communication skills. Both India and abroad offer networking opportunities allowing students to build connections within their field.

Maintaining a healthy work-life balance is a common concern for Ph.D. students worldwide. Strategies such as establishing designated work hours, scheduling regular breaks, delegating tasks, investing in self-care and leisure activities, and fostering open communication with colleagues and loved ones can help achieve a better balance between work and personal life. Although challenges may arise in any Ph.D. program, proactive efforts can provide a more balanced experience.

Ultimately, the choice between pursuing a Ph.D. in India or abroad depends on personal preferences, research interests, career aspirations, and the specific opportunities available. When making this decision, it’s important to carefully evaluate factors such as research infrastructure, international exposure, academic structure, mentorship, funding, and individual circumstances. Embracing this opportunity for growth, exploration, and making a lasting impact in your chosen field could be a key to a successful Ph.D. journey!

According to you, what skills are necessary for Indian students to pursue a Ph.D. abroad?

First and foremost, having a strong understanding of the subject they want to pursue is crucial. Having sound fundamentals in relevant subjects like biochemistry, genetics, and cell biology is also beneficial. Additionally, a well-written master’s thesis and good grades can significantly boost their application.

When it comes to biosciences, being proficient in various laboratory techniques commonly used in molecular research is essential. These techniques include DNA/RNA isolation, PCR, cloning, gel electrophoresis, protein purification, microscopy, and other molecular biology methods. Having hands-on experience and familiarity with these techniques is advantageous. Furthermore, gaining research experience through internships, projects, or publications in the relevant field can significantly enhance one’s application. Showing the ability to design experiments and analyse data is also essential. It’s helpful to be skilled in data analysis platforms like R or Python and have a basic understanding of statistical methods. Analysing and interpreting data, drawing meaningful conclusions, and identifying trends and patterns are highly regarded skills.

Effective scientific writing skills are vital for a Ph.D. student. Demonstrating the ability to write clear, concise, and well-structured scientific papers, research proposals, and reports is important. Strong oral communication skills for presenting research findings and actively participating in scientific discussions are also highly valued. Additionally, the ability to identify research gaps and propose innovative solutions to scientific questions reflects strong critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.

In a research environment, highlighting teamwork skills, collaboration experience, and the ability to contribute to multidisciplinary research projects can be beneficial. Excellent time management and organisational skills are crucial for pursuing a Ph.D. Demonstrating the ability to handle multiple tasks, meet deadlines, and manage research projects efficiently are key factors for success in this rigorous journey.

Ultimately, it is essential to showcase your genuine passion for biological research. Express your enthusiasm for the field, specific research interests, and motivation to contribute to scientific advancements in your Ph.D. application. This passion will drive you throughout your doctoral journey.

It is important to note that specific skills and requirements may vary depending on the Ph.D. program, University, and country. It’s important to thoroughly research and understand the expectations and prerequisites of the programs you are interested in to ensure a well-informed application process.

How was your experience as an intern at Karishma Kaushik’s lab and the Serum Institute of India? Did these internships help you strengthen your resolve to pursue a Ph.D.?

During my undergraduate studies, I often felt a gap between my theoretical knowledge and its practical application. I had a strong interest in microbiology but wasn’t sure which specific topics intrigued me. I decided to pursue internships to bridge this gap and gain hands-on experience. I wanted to improve my ability to apply theoretical knowledge, familiarise myself with diverse laboratory techniques, and experience a natural industrial setting. These internships became crucial stepping stones, enabling me to explore my career interests and make informed decisions about my academic path. I hadn’t considered pursuing a Ph.D. at that time, but I was eager to learn and was open to new experiences.

Dr. Karishma Kaushik had an influence on my early career, whom I encountered as a guest speaker at a college event. She shared her research journey and determination to establish her lab in India. Inspired by her trajectory, I approached her for an internship opportunity. As she was in the initial stages of her research in India, she offered me the chance to co-author a review article with her. This endeavour was entirely new to me, and I eagerly embraced it. Through this internship, I discovered the extensive efforts involved in writing a review article, including extensive literature research, and the publishing process. The topic we worked on deepened my passion for microbiology and reaffirmed my commitment to pursuing further studies. Dr. Kaushik’s belief in my abilities during a time when few internships were available to undergraduates due to their perceived inexperience boosted my confidence significantly. Ultimately, the review article we co-authored was published in a reputed journal, marking a significant milestone in my early scientific career and shaping my understanding of the research publication process.

However, my desire for more hands-on laboratory experience and the development of practical skills led me to apply for an internship at the Serum Institute of India. Having studied viruses and vaccine production, I found it fascinating to witness the practical aspects of this field. The experience of working in an industrial environment, especially in handling viruses, proved to be vastly different. This internship exposed me to the dynamic nature of the industry, the intricacies of production workflows, and the daily challenges encountered. I acquired experience in equipment handling and learned analytical techniques specific to vaccine production. The professional and well-organised environment further enriched my experience. Additionally, interacting with professionals immersed in the field provided valuable networking opportunities. Overall, my experience at the Serum Institute of India was enriching.

Engaging in these internships throughout my undergraduate years not only bolstered my resume and provided industrial exposure but also played a pivotal role in my personal and intellectual growth. They enabled me to make well-informed decisions about my future career path, solidifying my commitment to the field of molecular biology.

What prompted you to join as a student assistant at the University of Bremen?

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, I relocated to Bremen, unfortunately arriving just in time for the second semester of my course. As a result, I had limited opportunities to explore the city or meet new people. The pandemic’s impact on social gatherings and events greatly restricted my ability to network and experience the international atmosphere I had anticipated in Germany.

However, amidst this challenging situation, I came across a promising opportunity: the Kompass program at the university’s international office was seeking a student assistant. Recognizing that this program closely collaborated with international communities and organised events to promote cultural exchange between international and German students, I viewed it as an ideal chance to acquire work experience and connect with diverse individuals. The added benefit of being paid for such a fulfilling role made it more appealing. Following a successful interview, I was offered the position of a student assistant.

What has the experience (of being a student assistant) taught you- with respect to your skill sets and learning?

The experience has been incredibly enriching, providing me with valuable insights and learnings. Firstly, it taught me the importance of teamwork and effective time management. As part of the role, I learned how to plan and execute events, enhancing my skills in event planning, organisation, and management. Managing the program’s social media page introduced me to the intricacies of online communication and the significance of adhering to specific rules and regulations. Furthermore, I gained experience in leading small projects and had the opportunity to address a large audience during an information session, which significantly boosted my public speaking abilities.

Interacting with diverse communities exposed me to different cultures, highlighting their unique aspects and shared values. This experience emphasised the potential for a harmonious coexistence and taught me the significance of embracing diversity. Additionally, I deepened my knowledge of Bremen, the University, and the German language through my interactions and involvement with the international office. A particular highlight was being featured on the flyer of the international office—an opportunity that filled me with immense excitement.

Moreover, being surrounded by talented colleagues who taught me various skills, such as video editing and podcasting, was truly invaluable. The experience of being part of this group of individuals from whom I learned so much was both rewarding and inspiring.

Kompass offered a refreshing change from my daily life in the lab as a scientist, providing me with invaluable skills that could also be applied to my scientific career.
Sonam Shinde Author
Career Stories

Career Stories: Chapter 4

Academia Plus

In this chapter of Career Stories, we bring you the journey of Sakshi Sharma, who is a biotechnology postgraduate with training in clinical research and data management. In a candid chat, Sakshi talks about her internship experience in academia and industry settings and shares some of her most memorable learnings.

What was your motivation behind enrolling in the Biotechnology Skill Enhancement Programme in Clinical Research Data Management?

Throughout B.Sc. and M.Sc. I did well in academics and scored fairly well in my exams. But in the back of my mind, it was always there that I don’t know much and am not practically trained. I was exploring courses that could help me in this regard. That’s what made me enroll in Biotechnology Skill Enhancement Programme [BISKEP], organized by Karnataka Government. There were many subjects to choose from, but I opted for Clinical Research data Management, as I was very much interested in research. It was of one-year duration, which included 6 months training program and 6 months internship. 

How was your experience doing an internship at IISc?

I reached out to a professor at IISc who was a contact of my College Professor. Luckily, he selected me when I thought, maybe I didn’t give my best impression. The interview happened around March 2020 and I was expected to start in April. I had come home for a week in Chhattisgarh and Covid lockdown had begun.  I couldn’t do my internship. But after a month or so, the Professor reached out to me in May and said there was work at the lab and if I was still interested. The flights had just begun, and without much thought, I flew down to Bangalore. I crashed at my friends’ place. Due to Covid, the lab wasn’t functioning at full capacity, and I couldn’t absorb the best out of the internship due to unfortunate timing. However, I did learn, how to read papers and analyze as well as interpret the data efficiently which has helped me immensely.

How different was your internship experience at Advarra Forte?

While I enjoyed the previous internship and had a great learning experience, I realized that it wasn’t aligning with my future career goals per se and hence started looking for industry-based experiences and also knew from a few of my friends that few companies offered a paid internship. I remember giving tons of interviews and after 3-4 rounds of assessments in a walk-in interview at Advarra, I secured the internship. It felt like less like an internship and more like a job. We got to sit in all the meetings and were treated like consultants. It was a surprise! Good pay and great work experience. I realized that there are so many things I do not know.

How did you come across these internships?

I would say by talking to people. I would talk to professors, and talk to people while attending conferences. I would never shy away from asking questions and always approached with an ‘I don’t know ‘attitude. Talking to people helps in understanding their journey thus far and helps in making your decisions. For instance, I came to know about the BISKEP program in my college while was in my second semester by talking to people in the neighbouring lab. And I happened to attend the induction program that year, even though hadn’t planned to enroll that year. I was curious to know more. It so happened that they were asking the people, why they are joining the program. And I remember one lay’s response vividly, that she realized the gap in her skills after working for a year. I thought to myself, why not equip myself with those skills even before I start job-hunting. So, listening to others’ stories can help you narrow down your choices and decisions.

What was your approach in preparing for the two internship interviews?

The IISc internship was just one round which felt like a chat that ran for an hour. On the other hand, my interview with Advarra Forte was systematic with one round after another, assessing me on different skills. In my experience of giving a lot of interviews in search of internships and jobs, what they are looking for is do you understand the kind of work they are doing and why you are there. For the IISc internship, I read a lot of papers published in the lab in understanding their work, but for the clinical research internship, I worked on understanding the technicalities and familiarising myself with the terms.

Any piece of advice for people who are looking for internships?

Give as many interviews as possible, and take every rejection as a redirection. The more you communicate to people in interviews or just anybody you meet that belongs to your field, make an effort to know about their journeys as it will help you know about different options available and different ways to achieve things. The more you converse, the more you learn about yourself.
Meghna Girish Author
Career Stories

Career Stories: Chapter 3

Academia Plus

In this chapter of Career Stories, we bring you the journey of Amruth Bhat, who is an Engineering graduate. In a candid chat, Amruth walks us through his unusual internship journey in the post-pandemic world.

Why do you think an internship is important?

I would say it depends on what an individual wants. If you want to be a researcher, doing an internship gives you a preview of what research is and what it looks like to work in a lab. It will give you clarity on if research is for you or not. If your dream is to apply abroad, doing an internship will leverage your profile. 

An internship is important because it gives you exposure to the field you want to make your career in.

You are pursuing two internships – one at IIT Bombay and another at T-3 molecular genetics/ How different or similar are they? Is it an on-site or remote internship?

I initially applied for IIT Bombay. Due to Covid-19 restrictions, it was set as a remote internship. I was on the lookout for a wet-lab-based experience and T-3 molecular genetics presented that opportunity. Technically they are similar as they are on the subject of proteomics. At IIT Bombay, it is more at the basic research end whereas, at T-3, I am involved in product-based (applied) research.

How did you come across these internships and how rigorous was the selection process?

I came across the IIT Bombay internship on social media. The internship was under Dr. Sanjeeva Srivastava, Proteomics Lab. There were almost 700 applicants for the internship. The screening process involved a 3-week training on basic concepts and daily quizzes. Top 100 scorers were screened for the second round. Next, we had to work on some mini data and it was followed by an interview. The selection process was extensive running up to 1.5 months but it was a great learning experience in itself.  For  T-3, I had sent in my resume to the Bangalore Bioinnovation Center [BBC]-a start-up incubation centre. I got an opportunity to intern at 3-4 start-ups at BBC but the work at T-3 excited me more, and thus I chose T-3 Molecular Genetics for my second internship.   

What qualities do you think helped you get these internships?

I would say, the mini-project I did in college on bioinformatics was a crucial tipping point for my selection. This gave me the base knowledge and some experience in the subject area. I had been trying to get an internship for two years. Since I did not have any research experience, I couldn’t score an internship opportunity. It is a paradox in itself- one needs the experience to gain experience!

Any suggestions for fellow students, who are looking for internships?

Do not be discouraged by a lack of experience. I would suggest you to work on small hobby projects with any of your faculty if you are at your college or on your own. Try building on your technical knowledge and finessing your skills. There are lots of free resources out there. Do a little research, work on your skills, and show that you can apply those skills in the internship you want to pursue. Also, don’t hesitate to work at startups, they can offer exciting experiences! 
Meghna Girish Author